![]() ![]() ![]() Francisella tularensis is the agent of human and animal tularemia.A 22 months prospective study of neonatal gram-negative bacteremia was undertaken in a 15 bed NICU to find out the incidence and antibiotic resistance patterns. Francisellaspeciesįrancisella is an intracellular, facultative, gram-negative coccobacillus. Kingella kingae is recognized increasingly as a cause of skeletal infections (osteomyelitis/septic arthritis ) in children. Kingella kingae is a species of Gram-negative aerobic coccobacilli. Acinetobacter may also “colonize” or live in a patient without causing infection or symptoms, especially in tracheostomy sites or open wounds. Acinetobacter causes a variety of diseases, ranging from pneumonia to serious blood or wound infections, and the symptoms vary depending on the disease. Acinetobacter baumannii accounts for about 80% of reported infections. Outbreaks of Acinetobacter infections typically occur in intensive care units (ICUs) and healthcare settings housing very ill patients. It causes sexually transmitted infections, chancroid, a major cause of genital ulceration in developing countries characterized by painful sores on the genitalia. Non-capsulated strains usually cause localized infections such as otitis media, sinusitis, and conjunctivitis. Infections most commonly associated with encapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae include meningitis, epiglottitis, cellulitis with bacteremia, septic arthritis, ad pneumonia. ![]() These tiny, pleomorphic gram-negative bacteria range in shape from round (cocci) to short, thin rods (bacilli) hence the bacteria are called “coccobacilli.” Haemophilus species Gram Negative CoccobacilliĪ coccobacillus is a type of bacterium with a shape intermediate between cocci and bacilli, i.e., they are very short rods that may be mistaken for cocci. They are rarely the sole or predominant organism in sputum smears of patients with pneumonia. catarrhalis also causes exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis in elderly patients. catarrhalis can cause pneumonia, especially in patients with alcoholism or chronic obstructive lung disease. M.catarrhalis causes acute, localized infections such as sinusitis, bronchopneumonia, and life-threatening, systemic diseases including endocarditis and meningitis. Moraxella catarrhalis, a gram-negative diplococcus, is an exclusively human pathogen and is a common cause of otitis media in infants and children. Disseminated gonococcal diseases are pelvic inflammatory disease, bacteremia, arthritis, and metastatic infections at other body sites. Other localized conditions include pharyngitis, anorectal infection, and conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum). Genital infections include purulent urethritis in males and cervicitis in females. It is a urogenital pathogen that is transmitted by sexual contact. Less common infections include conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and sinusitis. Bacteremia leads to thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and shock. Meningitis may be accompanied by the appearance of petechiae (rash) associated with meningococcal bacteremia (i.e.,meningococemia). It is a leading cause of fatal bacterial meningitis. meningitidis (Meningococci) is a gram-negative, nonsporeforming diplococcus. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gram-negative diplococci) N.meningitidis ![]()
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